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Framework 3-3-1 / Compare trade-offs

Pros and cons list

Compare the benefits and drawbacks of possible actions against a shared goal.

When to use it

Use a short comparison when you need to make trade-offs visible. This template adds a mitigation column to help examine whether a drawback can be reduced.

What to bring

Possible actions, a common goal, constraints, and evidence for the expected benefits and drawbacks.

What you will have

A side-by-side comparison with an explicit reason for choosing an action or collecting more evidence.

On this page

How to use it

  1. State the common goal and constraints.
  2. Record benefits and drawbacks for each option.
  3. Add possible mitigations and identify their uncertainties.
  4. Explain which trade-offs are acceptable and what still needs checking.

Keep its limits in mind

Counting items does not show which option is best. Consider importance, likelihood, and irreversible costs; do not treat suggested mitigations as proven solutions.

Fictional teaching example

Comparing collection and delivery

A fictional shop is comparing pickup and local delivery to make repeat purchases easier. No customer demand or financial outcome is assumed.

OptionProsConsMitigationStore pickupUses theexisting counterCustomers musttravel[Suggestion]Test a pickuptime slotLocal deliverySaves customersa tripAdds deliverywork[Suggestion]Test a limiteddelivery windowShared goalMake repeat purchases easier without adding a permanent staffrole.Option comparisonStore pickup | Uses the existing counter | Customers musttravel | [Suggestion] Test a pickup time slotLocal delivery | Saves customers a trip | Adds delivery work |[Suggestion] Test a limited delivery windowChoice and rationaleNo choice yet. Check customer preferences and staff capacitybefore accepting either trade-off.

On a small screen, scroll across the diagram to read it.

Assessment: Pickup uses an existing resource, but this alone does not establish that customers prefer it.

Next check: Ask customers about collection and delivery, then check whether either trial fits staff capacity.

Next step: Record the evidence behind the final choice and review it after a trial.

Three reasons a longer list is not a better choice

Use a Pros and Cons List when feasible alternatives involve tradeoffs that cannot be honestly reduced to a score. State one shared goal and the constraints before writing advantages. Compare the same scope, including who benefits, who does extra work and which effects remain uncertain. A short, decisive drawback can matter more than several minor conveniences.

Pause if an option fails a mandatory requirement. A benefit elsewhere cannot compensate for that failure. Pause if the table counts the same advantage in several phrases or lists known drawbacks for one option but only hopes for the other. Pause if a proposed mitigation is already being treated as a solved problem. “Run a rehearsal” is an action requiring capacity, permission and a result, not evidence that setup risk has disappeared.

Distinguish a known property from its possible value. An existing counter may simplify pickup operations without proving customer preference. Local delivery may avoid a customer trip while creating unmeasured work. Keep uncertain likelihood or magnitude in words unless there is a defensible scale. Numbering three pros and two cons is not a reason to choose.

Choose qualitative tradeoffs, scores or more investigation

The method should match the available evidence. A comparison can usefully end with a request for one decisive fact instead of a premature winner. Keep the choice open until the decision owner accepts a rationale.

Neighboring decision methods
MethodUse whenOutput and boundary
Pros and Cons ListImportant eligible-option tradeoffs resist honest scoringEvidence, acceptable tradeoffs and unresolved questions
Decision matrixShared criteria and defensible weights/ratings existWeighted comparison and sensitivity; no success probability
TOWSPossible actions have not yet been developed from factorsAction candidates with tests, not a final choice
Stakeholder analysisDecision rights or affected roles are unclearAuthority and input questions, not assumed agreement

Worked case: two eligible workshop arrangements

This independent fictional collaboration case is separate from the shop’s pickup/delivery example. A team needs a two-hour community workshop without adding a permanent staff role. Packet V1 stipulates that West Hall and East Library meet the brief’s space, access, activity and Saturday 14:00–16:00 requirements for comparison. Neither venue is booked. Fees, staffing acceptance and final terms are still unconfirmed; eligibility under those four requirements is not authority to commit.

V2 records that the team already runs its regular check-in desk at West Hall. V3 records that East Library is inside the intended community, but supplies no participant preferences, attendance estimate or travel comparison. V4 says the team has not rehearsed its equipment at East Library. These are invented case inputs. V3 supports a location description, not proven reach; V4 supports uncertainty, not a claim that equipment will fail.

Write each consequence with its basis and retain the unknowns. West Hall offers familiarity for the team, while attendee fit needs checking. East Library may fit the intended location, while unfamiliar setup needs investigation. The common no-permanent-role constraint still requires actual capacity checks for either arrangement. A proposed rehearsal or temporary helper does not establish availability or approval.

Qualitative comparison grounded in V1–V4
OptionPossible advantage and basisDrawback or unknownProposed mitigation
West HallExisting check-in desk:V2; familiar arrangementParticipant location preference, fees and staffing unconfirmed[Suggestion] Check participant fit and obtain terms/capacity replies
East LibraryWithin intended community:V3; potential location fitUnrehearsed equipment:V4; reach, fees and staffing unconfirmed[Suggestion] Request a setup rehearsal and check actual participant interest

Conclude with the missing decision evidence

The current conclusion is to retain both alternatives and request the facts that could change the choice. Ask which matters most for this workshop: familiar execution, participant location or another explicit requirement. That priority is a decision judgment, not something to infer by counting cells. Obtain actual terms and capacity replies before turning an eligible option into a commitment.

A review request can be specific: “Please confirm whether either arrangement fits our staffing limit, what each venue would charge and what participants need from the location. For East Library, a rehearsal is proposed; its owner and permission remain unconfirmed.” This separates facts sought from actions already authorized. If a new mandatory condition excludes an option, document the reason rather than hiding it as one more con among many.

When an owner chooses, retain the accepted tradeoff, evidence, conditions and unresolved items. If a limited workshop is then approved, record actual setup effort, attendance and participant feedback against the original question. Completion of a rehearsal does not prove demand; a successful event does not prove every earlier assumption. Reopen the comparison when terms, people or requirements change, preserving the first rationale so the later decision remains explainable.

Check your work

  • Options address the same goal.
  • Claims have a stated basis or uncertainty.
  • Mitigations remain distinct from confirmed benefits.
  • The choice explains the importance of the trade-offs.

Framework references

References explain the framework and its scope; they do not validate the fictional example's results.

Put the framework to work

Copy the outline and add your question, evidence, and open questions.

When to consider another framework

Decision matrixWith feasible options and defensible criteria and weights, use a Decision Matrix to compare rankings and examine scoring and weight sensitivity.